Recording Secrets For The Small Studio - Additional Resources (1st Edition Archive)

(This page contains archived resources for the first edition of Recording Secrets For The Small Studio. You can access updated resource pages for the current edition here.)

Audio Files

(To download all WAV examples at once: 78MB ZIP)

• Vertical Vocal Dispersion: Although the dispersion characteristics of any singer are complex, there is a trend for high-frequencies to bounce off the palate in a downwards direction, such that miking positions below the nose are brighter and more forward-sounding. You can hear this for yourself in the following recordings simultaneously captured with three identical Avantone CK1 microphones (with their cardioid capsules fitted) all placed roughly 20cm from the singer’s mouth: the first mic was roughly 45 degrees above the line of sight Ex04.01: WAV/MP3play_arrow, the second mic was directly in front of the nose Ex04.02: WAV/MP3play_arrow, and the third mic was roughly 30 degrees below the line of sight Ex04.03: WAV/MP3play_arrow.

• Horizontal Vocal Dispersion: Because of natural physiological asymmetry, most vocalists don’t put out the same frequency balance on both sides of their face. You can hear this in the following audio examples, simultaneously recorded with three identical Avantone CK1 microphones (using their cardioid capsules) all placed roughly 20cm from the singer’s mouth: the first mic was roughly 30 degrees to the left of centre Ex04.04: WAV/MP3play_arrow, the second mic was centrally placed Ex04.05: WAV/MP3play_arrow, and the third mic was 30 degrees right of centre Ex04.06: WAV/MP3play_arrow.

• Sibilance & Mic Technique: Overbearing sibilance is an ever-present concern when recording vocals, so mic positions directly on the level of the mouth Ex04.07: WAV/MP3play_arrow are usually ill-advised. Some engineers assert that the ‘pencil trick’ is an effective remedy Ex04.08: WAV/MP3play_arrow, but in my experience repositioning the microphone above the plane of the lips Ex04.09: WAV/MP3play_arrow is equally, if not more, effective.

• Plosives & Mic Technique: Mic positions directly on-axis to the singer’s mouth Ex04.10: WAV/MP3play_arrow tend to suffer from plosive blasts, something the ‘pencil trick’ is all but powerless to protect against Ex04.11: WAV/MP3play_arrow. A more effective solution is to use a pop shield Ex04.12: WAV/MP3play_arrow, although some engineers feel that this negatively impacts the rest of the vocal timbre.

• The Timbral Effects Of Miking Distance: The biggest timbral changes when changing miking distance with a cardioid microphone are connected with microphone’s proximity-effect bass boost, but more subtle tonal shifts also occur in the midrange, as you can hear in the following examples, which were all simultaneously recorded from slightly above the line of the singer’s nose using three identical Avantone CK1 microphones with their cardioid capsules fitted: the closest mic was 12cm away from the singer’s mouth Ex04.13: WAV/MP3play_arrow, the middle-distance mic was 20cm away Ex04.14: WAV/MP3play_arrow, and the farthest mic was 28cm away Ex04.15: WAV/MP3play_arrow.

• Vocal Microphone Shootouts: Here are the audio files from one of many microphone shootouts I’ve carried out during CMT recording workshops. In this case, a single vocalist tried out 11 different microphones, each mic recorded as a separate pass, capturing the singer from the same miking position. The mics were: an AKG C414B-XLS large-diaphragm condenser mic operating in cardioid mode Ex04.16: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a Brauner Valvet large-diaphragm valve mic operating in subcardioid mode Ex04.17: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a CAD M179 large-diaphragm condenser mic operating in cardioid mode Ex04.18: WAV/MP3play_arrow; an MXL V77S large-diaphragm cardioid valve mic Ex04.19: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a Rode NT1 large-diaphragm cardioid condenser mic Ex04.20: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a Rode NT1A large-diaphragm cardioid condenser mic Ex04.21: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a Samson C03 large-diaphragm cardioid condenser mic Ex04.22: WAV/MP3play_arrow; an SE Electronics SE1A small-diaphragm cardioid condenser mic Ex04.23: WAV/MP3play_arrow; an SE Electronics Z3300A large-diarphragm condenser microphone operating in cardioid mode Ex04.24: WAV/MP3play_arrow; a Shure SM58 cardioid dynamic mic Ex04.25: WAV/MP3play_arrow; and a Shure KSM137 small-diaphragm cardioid condenser mic Ex04.26: WAV/MP3play_arrow. For another good vocal-mic shootout, check out this Sound On Sound magazine article: ‘Vocal Mics: Matching Mics & Voices’. I also highly recommend the 3D Audio mic shootout compilations.

• Backing-track Stems For Overdubbing Practice: If you don’t have a project in progress suitable for the overdubbing Assignments in this chapter, then check out the 'Recording Secrets' Free Backing Stems Download Library for a range of projects in different styles, complete with accompanying cue/comp/lyric sheets and vocal guide parts.

Updates

• Polarity & Phase Adjustments For Headphone Foldback: On page 136, I mention that the bone-conducted sound of a singer will comb-filter against their headphone foldback signal if there’s any monitoring latency, and that this can cause all sorts of pitching and performance difficulties. As such, I recommended using true zero-latency (ie. analogue or acoustic) monitoring wherever possible. However, what I didn’t point out was that if you’re in a situation where some monitoring latency is unavoidable, you can still improve the singer’s listening experience by finessing the nature of the comb-filtering. The simplest method is to hit the polarity-inversion switch on your mic preamp (or on the vocal channel in your recording software), which will change the nature of the comb-filtering, quite possibly making it more benign in practice. Alternatively, if you wanted further control over the comb-filtering sound, you could use a variable phase adjuster instead.

Links

• Some Mic-mounting Hardware Recommendations: Although they’re far from being the cheapest option, I’ve personally invested in K&M mic stands, because they’re extremely solidly built and there’s a full range of spare parts available if something breaks. They also do all manner of related widgets, such as the 3/8-inch-to-5/8-inch thread adaptor and 5/8-inch-to-3/8-inch thread adaptor, a universal swivel-joint, and a neat retro-fit drop-arm. If you need better shockmounting for your choice of vocal mic, then check out Rycote’s InVision series of universal suspension shockmounts, which are extremely effective.

• DIY Mic-mounts From PVC Plumbing Fittings: A very neat and budget-friendly trick from the LFR Studio Blog is to build custom mic-mounting devices from cheap PVC plumbing supplies. To get a better idea how it works, check out the supplied example-project video.

• Mini-mixers For Zero-latency Monitoring With Comfort Effects: If you already have a hardware effects unit, then check out the Alesis MultiMix 4 USB FX, Soundcraft Notepad-8FX, or Yamaha AG03, all of which have at least one mic preamp and built-in effects processing for monitoring purposes.

• Acoustics Products: Auralex sell all manner of tried-and-tested acoustic foam products for reducing the problems of early reflections. GIK Acoustics and Real Traps sell a variety of ready-made mineral-fibre bass traps for dealing with lower-frequency room resonances, but if you fancy saving some money by making your own, then check out the DIY wooden frames available from ATS Acoustics and Acoustimac – the latter also do ‘DIY EZ Wraps’, which are bags prefabricated from acoustic fabric to fit standard 2x4-foot mineral-wool slabs.

Further Reading

• Acoustic Treatment & Soundproofing: There’s tons of great information about acoustic treatment and soundproofing for small studios in the Sound On Sound magazine article archives. Here’s my pick of the crop: ‘A Beginner’s Guide To Acoustic Treatment’; ‘The Studio SOS Guide To Monitoring & Acoustic Treatment’; ‘Room For Improvement’; ‘Practical Soundproofing’; ‘Practical Acoustic Treatment’ (part 1; part 2; part 3; part 4; part 5); ‘Practical Studio Soundproofing’ (part 1; part 2; part 3; part 4).

• Phase & Polarity: If the box in Section 4.4.1 left you wanting a more detailed discussion of the role of phase and signal polarity in studio situations, here’s my big Sound On Sound ‘Phase Demystified article on the subject, which has explanatory diagrams and lots of practical case-studies.

• Compression: Here’s a fairly entry-level Sound On Sound magazine article on compression: ‘Compression Made Easy’ – although it’s focused more on mixing, exactly the same principles apply when recording. For more in-depth discussion of specific compressor parameters, try this two-part Sound On Sound series: ‘Advanced Compression Techniques’ (part 1) and ‘Advanced Compression Techniques’ (part 2). No idea which compressor plug-in to dial up? Here are some suggestions based on professional usage of classic models: ‘Choosing The Right Compressor For The Job’.

• Microphones: If you’re looking for more general information about microphone design, here are some Sound On Sound magazine articles that you might want to check out in the first instance: ‘Capacitor Microphones Explained’; ‘Choosing & Using Studio Microphones’; Understanding & Using Directional Microphones’. For more in-depth information, there are few sources as informative and authoritative than John Eargle’s The Microphone Book, which I highly recommend, and the Microphone Data and Recording Hacks sites are also essential resources.

• Microphone Preamps: On page 146 of the book, I assert that the differences between microphone preamps are so subtle that spending large amounts on high-end units represents questionable value for money in most small studios, because differences between microphones (and indeed microphone placements) make a much more significant impact. There are masses of audio examples demonstrating the sounds of different mics and mic positions on here on this very site, but if you’d also like to compare some different preamps to make up your own mind on this issue, then check out the excellent mic preamp shootout carried out by Sound On Sound magazine, these anonymised blind-test audio files, this blind-test forum discussion, and this ‘Preamp Post-mortem’ follow-up article. For further perspective, check out 3D Audio’s range of comparison CDs, which feature wide-ranging shootouts of microphones, preamps, and A-D converters.

• Working With Latency In Computer Systems: See the Chapter 2 resources page.

• Vocal Warm-up Exercises: Here’s a nice little list of warm-up exercises with accompanying audio examples.